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Holy smoke! As usual, tibii* [cc: 2serenity and any one else interested in this important subject] raises a whole boatload of multi-faceted issues in his short comment to me at my profile page on November 25, 2:25 AM regarding hip hop and use of the N word.

I haven’t read Beverly Tatum’s work, “Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria”, that tibii cites; but I often observe, as we all have, to this day the same-race “cafeteria phenomenon” which is, not surprisingly, quite the common norm in any multi-racial environment. Based on my own conversations with several scholars who have devoted their lives researching and writing about this tendency to hang-out with your “peer group” that is racially defined, I realize that the academic and popular literature on this subject is staggering.

I myself have tried to put some conceptual framework around use of such highly-charged language with racial overtones [and, of course, there are many] by seeing it in terms of multi-faceted “discourses of power”, be it from a sociological or political perspective.

In essence, I see use of the N word (and others) as having many dimensions where “in the blink of the eye” the meaning changes depending upon the context of the power discourse which is occurring [are you talking to or about the Man sitting above you in hierarchy, are you having a “coded” conversation with your revolutionary conspirators, are you looking to denigrate those beneath you, and so on in endless contextual nuance].

While I still struggle to understand him, I think that Foucault and his notion of seeing “discourses of power” in relational terms of what is actually happening rather than what is intended may be instructive. Thus, we should focus on the “historical discursive and practical conditions” that obtain today in the environment of "racial aggregations" [cafeteria-style, by normative choice, or otherwise] that we live in, in order to establish “truth-values” when the N word is used rather than trying to decipher the “intention” of the speaker using the term [because intentions can change “with the blink of an eye”]. In other words, it is the historical context that matters.

If you look then at what is actually going on in many sectors of our society today, I accept that it may well be necessary to be jolted into an awakening of consciousness of a desensitized power relationship or lack of freedom, as tibii puts it, “by naming it, [and] naming it obsessively.” And on that basis, the continued obsessive use of the N word may well be justified, but subject to an important qualification discussed below.

Bringing the subject back to the context of music and, in particular hip hop, I suggest that it may be precisely because the context of “communication by music” reaches a level of power discourse that has been “set aside” by humanity since time immemorial as representative of an “higher order of communion” between artist and listener, judgment about the appropriate or effective use of the N word may be: use it in music but trash it otherwise. This is a judgment that I, for one, can endorse; and I can say that I have really changed my mind about this upon reflection [thanks to tibii and a few other ardent followers of hip hop that I have met at this site].

*tibii: I take the liberty to hi-jack your comment at my profile and make it a separate blog for ease of accessiblility by others.
Comments
posted on Nov 30 at 8:01 pm
Great discussion as always! I left a comment for tibii which I am sharing here too:

I failed to read your comment. Great observations. Use of the N word is complex. I have written various blog posts on it. Essentially I know I am not one but some people feel as though they use the word to identify not only a group of people but people who endear one another. It is such an odd reflection to use a degrading name but to say, you are my N to some people is like a hug. I see guys in the street say phrases like what up dawg and you are my N?! Though it is supposedly an endearing word for some in the harsh reality we all know it is used to be a degrading term to put down a cultural group.

Dr. Tatum who wrote the book you read is the president of the college that I graduated from in 1996 which is Spelman College. Although I never read the book, I can understand where she is coming from because I live it.

In most instances where you are a minority, you want to be around people who think and look like you . This happens early in school. If the teachers in school wanted to have racial harmony then they could have had the students in a cafeteria sit with different people every day instead of congregating around the same people.

For me, I went to a small private school. So everyone sat together who was in the same grade. It was not an issue of black or white but an issue of who was in my grade. Growing up with that mentality allowed me to have an open mind with race from a young age. However, not everyone is that fortunate to have that sensitivity.

Thanks for your thoughts!

_____________________________________

Reaction to the N word especially in music
http://www.last.fm/user/2Serenity/journal/2007/04/28/408467/

If you have to use the N word, then be constructive - Taalam Acey
http://serenitylife.vox.com/library/post/if-you-have-to-use-the-n-word-then-be-constructive---taalam-acey.html

More on Kara Walker Sparks my Weekly Discussion on Race
http://serenitylife.vox.com/library/post/more-on-kara-walker.html

** Hope all of this helps. Reading the comments are the read lesson!!
posted on Dec 3 at 12:04 pm
Never
Ignorant,
Getting

Goals

Accomplished

-2PAC
posted on Dec 3 at 9:22 pm
Things are so strangely mixed in today's societies, such topics cannot be dealt with easily, they are far too complex. One funny aspect is that the guys who use that expression are suppressed somehow (I know it's uncool to say it but I do it anyway) but on the other hand have some kind of cultural hegemony, so white middle class kids from sheltered homes and areas walk around telling everybody they are gangstas or n... They might even be racist and still call themselves n...

Or like I was told by some German punks that some German "hip hop fans" yelled at them "We are in Germany, so wear hip hop clothes!". By which these German "hip hop fans" actually made clear, that a) they abuse hip hop for their nationalistic and presumably racist ideology, that b) they know less about hip hop than the punks, who of course laughed their heads off that these guys considered hip hop streetwear as an authentic German invention, and

c) that each and every good idea and ironic coolness is picked up by some stupid squares who make a mess of it. And of course there WILL be or ARE idiots who will say "Ah I see they call themselves n... so they are some kind of a subhuman being".

These racist idiots may even at the SAME TIME be so stupid to call themselves n.... and consider themselves the master race.

So indeed, as TheCapitalClinic pointed out, you cannot rely on anything to work in a special intended way.
posted on Jan 31 at 12:12 pm
2Serenity posted a blog and a powerful video about the N word and Music that is also relevant to this discussion. You can't help but feel the poet's pain when you watch Taalam Acey's video, "Market 4 Ni$$az" [I kept thinking TA crying inside as he "sang his song"]. Here is what Taalam Acem has written himself about the N word [it's a bit long but worth preserving to extend both your personal and historical "knowledge-space" which, to me, is what the fuzz music site is all about]:

No matter how badly you want to be a [N-word], you cannot. I know how much it means to some of us. Long before we were railroaded thru the injustice system, plagued by unequal education, subjected to poor healthcare, herded into housing projects, discriminated against in the workforce, demoralized, emasculated, lynched, maimed, castrated and mutilated. Long before we were indoctrinated, enslaved, raped, some of us tied to pliable trees that ripped us limb from limb, lynched, lashed until our flesh turned inside out, some of us having the fetuses sliced and snatched from wombs. Long, long, long before those things, we were shipped here, chained together for months with buckets of water used to splash away the perspiration, vomit, urine, feces, and blood we lay cramped in. It was there where ship captains like John Hawkins walked shin deep through the bellies of ships sloshing through our blood and inhaling the stench of our festering flesh and dead bodies as if it were fine cigar smoke. His ilk were no more disturbed by our desperate screams, moans and suffering than slaughter house workers are moved by the shrieks of future entrees. The reason is because slavers had already convinced themselves that WE were sub-human. John Hawkins, after all, was noble, a British Knight, in fact. Hell, he knew the queen (Elizabeth I). Yes, brethren, it had to be us who were out of reach of G*d's grace. Hawkins and his kind created an imaginary being to reason the righteousness of their barbarism and christened us that; [the N-word]. We, of course, emphatically disagreed. Us? Ignorant? During 700 years of Moorish rule it was many of us that taught them the very shipbuilding and navigation skills they used to transport us across Hades to their new haven. We had taught at and/or been educated at the university of Jenne, we were scholars, warriors, linguist, business men, craftsmen and master agriculturalist. We created Timbuktu (it lied in the very grounds they enslaved us in). We were not [N-word]s. Fortunately for Sir Hawkins, it didn't matter what we knew, he needed to believe that we were less than human in order to feel better about whatever he was.

We never cared that they referred to us as "Negro" or "Black." That is how we appeared to them. However, [the N-word] is not a mispronunciation of Negro (instead, Nee-grow is a mispronunciation of Nay-grow). [The N-word] is a blatant attempt at branding a sub-human race. But that race has only existed in the mind of the oppressor, at least until, as if in agreement, some of us began to allow that fictitious dehumanized race of people to exist in our heads too. But unlike the oppressor we didn't point the finger outward and say, "Naw, yall have been the most bloodthirsty, vicious 'superior people' that ever existed. Yall must be [N-word]s." Instead, many of us prefer to self-identify with the word and the concept. "No matter how much knowledge or money you accumulate you will still be one of those fictitious people!" Yeah, it makes sense to the oppressor, who needs to think of you as a [N-word] to justify your oppression as something other than inhumane; ordained even. However, how could you believe it too? You must surely know you are not that and could never be. Regardless of color, people are people.

At one point in our interaction with our oppressors, we began to refer to them as "Devils." Unlike us though, they never adopted the term; never embraced it. Besides, even if Bush and Cheney considered themselves devils, they still would not be. A young white lady once inquired of Malcolm, if there was something she could do to not be a devil. He later regretted telling her, "No." Like John Hawkins, people can exhibit sinister behavior, but they still never become devils, like we could never become [N-word]s. They imagined an entire group of beings that deserved to be treated even worse than their own commoners were treated in the era of the Black Plague. Not us; we didn't think it up. Nor can we spend our existence trying to ascertain through their conservative think-tanks what the complete concept of a [N-word] is so that we can please them by becoming more like it.

(PART 2)

A few weeks back I featured at a poetry slam where a talented young black man faced with three black judges and two white ones, did a poem about why we should continue to refer to ourselves as [N-word]s and how he was so upset that some of us felt we should not be called that. How dare we! The judges gave him 9.9's across the board. I'm sure all were smiling but the smiles of the two white judges, innocent as they may have been, upset me.

The current argument that I hear more and more is, with all of the racial injustice, the unnecessary wars, the problems with healthcare and education, how could you care about a word? "Yo! I know there's a dog attacking an elderly woman right in front of you, but how can you worry about that now when the daycare down the street is on fire?" Naw, homey, we've got to worry about it all. Let's split up. It's ALL important. We cannot allow the burning daycare to be an excuse for letting that dog claim another victim. And ay, Paul Revere, why do you even have time to tell me to stop helping her, shouldn't you be down the street? Helping?

But why should I even explain the logic, that argument is only a smokescreen anyway. The person making it is attached to [the N-word] and fighting harder than her/his oppressor to keep it. Many black people have identified with it so long that they fear they would lose their only identity without it. "If I'm not a [N-word] what would I be?" I don't know...I guess a man or a woman? "But then, if you call me that, I won't be able to make sense of why I'm treated so unfairly by society." Yeah, exactly!

Oddly enough, now that racists have largely stopped calling us [the N-word] (not that they've all stopped imagining us as that and thus using it privately and internally), we have begun to identify with their fantasy sub-human more and more. Carter G Woodson, founder of what has become Black History Month, said, "When you control a man's thinking you do not have to worry about his actions. You do not have to tell him not to stand here or go yonder. He will find his 'proper place' and will stay in it. You do not need to send him to the back door. He will go without being told. In fact, if there is no back door, he will cut one for his special benefit. His education makes it necessary."

This is exactly why I would not advocate banning the word. If it were illegal, black people would be fined, prosecuted and jailed almost exclusively! A new era would be ushered in that would dwarf racial profiling as the number one means of keeping black people in the legal system. So many of us are absolutely compelled to say and identify with [the N-word] that you cannot help but see the irony in a system of racist media that works thru music, magazines, movies and news to convince black people that we are [N-words], just for the benefit of turning those of us who embrace their brainwashing, into fodder for the prison industrial complex (i.e., neo-slavery). Wait a minute, that sounds like today! I wouldn't want to see the word banned. I just want you to see that it's use is self-defeating neuro-linguistic programming.

If the oppressor needs to think of you as a [N-word] to "justify" his injustice, then your volunteering to consider yourself a [N-word] makes it easier and works to the oppressor's benefit. You both get to play pretend, the oppressor gets a clear conscience and in return you get to keep your [expletive deleted] eyes closed.

At that poetry slam, no racist white person (not saying there was one there) needed to convince the black people that we are [N-word]s, nah there was a young brother who couldn't wait to do the convincing for them.

Honestly, I talked to the young brother the following night and found him to be intelligent and sincere. But, like, WTF? "Let's agree to disagree," as a rap mogul told me once (actually twice) when I refused to stop pushing the subject. I recently read a magazine where another rap mogul commented that he would stop using [the N-word] immediately if you could promise him that the hood would get better. Hmmm...feels kind of like, no matter how rich I become, I know how to stay in my 'proper place.' It was pointed out to me that trying to convince rich rappers to stop using [the N-word] is nearly pointless anyway. After all, what one word has brought them more money?

Oh there have been so many of these words. Latino's have been the S-word, Chinese have been another C-word, Christians have been the I-word, Muslims have been the T-word, Vietnamese have been the G-word, Jews have been the K-word and so on and so forth. But it's only the targets of the [N-world] who seem to REALLY want to make it work.

So if Muslim Fundamentalists made up the dominant consumer culture and likewise controlled the media, they might favor Christian rappers who were willing to refer to themselves as infidels (you know, in a counterculture, underdog kind of way). The Muslim kids who made up much of the consumer class would not be inclined to support Christian rappers who did not validate their street cred by referring to themselves and their kind as infidels. Then in interviews the Christian rappers would spit propaganda like, "Yo, keep it real! There's so many other things to worry about than Muslims calling us infidels!"

Interviewer: "Yeah but I'm asking why you refer to your own people as infidels."

Rapper: "Well when Muslims stop treating us like infidels I'll stop using the word."

Interviewer: "Uhm...yeah...commercial break please!"

(PART 3)

So my friend is trying to show me how there were instances of phonetic equivalents of [the N-word] (with positive meanings) in ancient Africa and I'm distraught thinking, "So Black people are really doing hella linguistic research, desperate to justify the continued use of [the N-word]? Are there positive words phonetically similar to the word "Cracker" in ancient Macedonian? Oh my bad we should solely stick to finding positive reasoning for the racial slurs that apply to us? Oh...gotcha!" So, then uhm, if our research unveils that the B-word sounds phonetically identical to a dynasty of queens in ancient Bornu, would it make it ok to begin conveying that title on our mothers? Easy, homey, I'm just asking.

I'm not holier than thou. Before I became an adult I used [the N-word] as much as anyone else. I used it much less in my twenties. Since then I've used it very rarely, and generally when I do, I'm certainly referring to someone exhibiting some real exceptional ignorance. It bothers me that people attempt to use it lovingly. It kills me when people use it to address their children. Why draw the line at referring to your children as ignorant? might as well go on ahead and call them failure.

What is a [N-word] capable of? Is it's capacity limited by the imaginations of the racists who created the concept? The idea that "people are people" doesn't seem to make sense in a world where a group of people voluntarily associate themselves with a concept created by those that completely despise them. Marcus Garvey said, "Whatsoever man has done; Man can do." ALL PEOPLE ARE LIMITLESS. How could we allow ourselves to live within the parameters of another man's imagination? Every woman and man in this existence is made up of the same energy force. You are a product of The Creator. You are what you think you are, not what other people imagine you to be. A group of people created the concept of a [N-word], if they want to become it, that's their prerogative, but they cannot force you to conform to being a [N-word] so that they may imagine themselves superior. Your attempt to re-create yourself in the image another man wishes you to be seems ungodly. You were made, not by another man, but in the image of your Creator, and face it, your Creator never was, nor never will be a [N-word]. I hope you will own that fact, because we can never truly understand, own nor become a [N-word]; some ridiculous creation of other people's minds.

Taalam Acey - December 2007

posted on Mar 30 at 3:46 pm
Powerful! I am just reading this now. Sorry for my absence for I have missed interacting with you! I actually am in contact with Taalam Acey occasionally through myspace so this was a treat to read. Thank you for sharing.
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